How assessments work, what different diagnoses mean, and why a diagnosis isn't always needed to get support.
8 min read
The route to a diagnosis depends on your child's needs. Developmental concerns typically go through the community paediatrician via referral from your GP or health visitor. Autism assessments may involve the Neurodevelopmental Team. Speech and language assessments can be done through the NHS or privately. Educational psychology assessments are often arranged through the school. Waiting lists vary significantly by area — from a few months to over two years in some regions.
The most common SEND diagnoses include Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Dyslexia, Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder), Speech and Language Disorders, and Global Developmental Delay. Each diagnosis describes a pattern of needs but every child is unique. A diagnosis helps professionals understand your child's needs but does not change who they are.
No. Schools can provide SEN Support without a formal diagnosis. Many children receive effective support through the graduated approach (Assess, Plan, Do, Review) without ever having a diagnosed condition. An EHCP also does not require a formal diagnosis — it is based on the level of need, not the diagnostic label. That said, a diagnosis can help access specific services and may make it easier for schools and professionals to understand your child's needs.
If NHS waiting lists are very long, some families choose private assessments. A private diagnosis from a registered professional (consultant paediatrician, clinical or educational psychologist) should be recognised by schools and LAs in the same way as an NHS diagnosis. Costs range from £500-£2000 depending on the assessment type. Some charities offer reduced-cost assessments for families on low incomes.
Last reviewed: 18 June 2026
